These instructions apply to the BMW X1 Mk2 (F48) 2015-2022.
For other models, please choose your vehicle here.
The BMW X1 (F48, 2015–2022) is built on BMW’s front-wheel-drive UKL2 platform and uses an electromechanical parking brake with electric motors mounted on the two rear calipers. That means a rear pad change starts not with a wind-back tool but by putting the EPB into service (maintenance) mode so it retracts the rear pistons electronically. There is no accelerator-and-switch owner sequence on the X1 — it is a tool-led job, with a manual fallback if you have no scanner.
What service mode is and why the F48 needs it
Each rear caliper carries a geared motor that drives the parking-brake piston. With the system live, that motor clamps the piston and resists being pushed back. Service mode (BimmerLink calls it “workshop mode”) commands both rear motors to wind fully open and locks the EPB out so it cannot re-apply while your hands are at the caliper. Only then can the pistons be compressed and the new pads fitted.
Retracting the rear calipers on the F48
Park on level ground, chock a front wheel, and connect a battery charger — the motors draw current and low voltage can abort the cycle. Then pick a route:
- Scan-tool route (recommended). Plug a BMW-capable tool into the OBD port. BimmerLink’s “workshop mode” is the easy consumer option for the F48; BMW ISTA, Foxwell or a Schwaben/Autel EPB tool work too. Open the parking-brake service function and run service / install position. You’ll hear the rear motors whir as the pistons retract.
- Manual route (no tool). Confirm the EPB is released, unbolt the actuator motor (two Torx screws) from the back of each rear caliper, insert a Torx bit into the spindle and turn it clockwise until it stops to wind the piston in. Refit the motors before driving.
With the pistons home, compress them fully, fit the new pads and refit the caliper.
Never force the pistons back by hand
Never push or lever the F48’s rear EPB pistons back with a clamp or wind-back tool while the actuator is attached. They are electromechanical — driving one back through its motor shears the plastic gearset inside and destroys the caliper. Retract the piston electronically in service mode, or only ever by turning the spindle clockwise with the actuator removed. If a piston feels solid, the X1 is not in service mode — stop and re-run the routine instead of forcing it.
Exit, CBS reset and bed-in
Once the pads are in and the wheels are back on, end workshop mode with the tool (or pump the brake pedal firmly several times, then apply the EPB switch once) so the motors re-clamp to the correct air gap. Pump the pedal until firm before moving the car. While the tool is connected, reset the rear-brake CBS (Condition Based Service) counter so the dash stops counting the old pads. Then bed the pads in: several firm slow-downs from about 30 mph with cooling between them, and check the parking brake holds on a slope.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I do the X1 without a scan tool? Yes, by the manual route — release the EPB, unbolt each rear actuator and wind the spindle in clockwise. But a tool (BimmerLink or ISTA) is still the clean way to reset the rear-brake CBS reminder afterwards.
Does BimmerLink really work on the F48? Yes — the F48 is one of the BMWs where BimmerLink’s workshop / EPB service function reliably retracts the rear pistons, unlike some later BMWs where it isn’t offered.
Do the pistons screw in or push straight? The rear EPB pistons wind in clockwise; they don’t push straight in like the fronts. With the actuator off, turn the spindle clockwise.
Service mode quit partway — why? Usually low battery voltage. Put the X1 on a charger and retry; the EPB motors need a strong 12 V supply.
If the dash throws a brake or EPB fault code while you work, decode it first on our sister site autodtcs.com.
Independent guide — not affiliated with BMW. Always follow your official service manual and safety precautions. Read our full disclaimer.